"Unraveling the Electron Transport Chain: Powerhouse of the Cell Explained"

International Chemistry Scientist Awards

The electron transport chain (ETC) is the final stage of cellular respiration, occurring in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It involves a series of protein complexes (I–IV) and mobile carriers that transfer electrons derived from NADH and FADH₂ to oxygen, the final electron acceptor, forming water. As electrons move through the chain, protons (H⁺) are pumped across the membrane, creating a proton gradient. This gradient drives ATP synthesis via ATP synthase, a process known as oxidative phosphorylation. The ETC is essential for generating the majority of ATP in aerobic organisms.

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