"Understanding Nucleophiles: The Electron Donors of Chemistry"

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International Chemistry Scientist Awards


A nucleophile is a chemical species that donates an electron pair to form a chemical bond in reaction mechanisms, especially in substitution and addition reactions. These species are rich in electrons and are attracted to positively charged or electron-deficient centers (electrophiles). Common nucleophiles include anions like OH⁻, Cl⁻, and neutral molecules with lone pairs such as NH₃ and H₂O. Their strength and reactivity depend on factors like charge, electronegativity, solvent, and steric hindrance. Nucleophiles play a crucial role in organic chemistry and biochemical transformations, facilitating the formation of new bonds and complex molecules.

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